VACC Austria DokuWiki - User contributions [en]

Study Guide:Ground

2016-09-01T16:54:45Z

Kieran Cross:

'' Prev: [[Study Guide:Delivery]] - Overview: [[Study Guide]] - Next: [[Study Guide:Tower]]''

= General =

Ground is responsible for all movements of aircraft on ground, except the movements on the runway. Ground takes over responsibility for Delivery if he is not online. 

Your responsibility is strict: if you allow a plane to do something, the pilot can do without looking either way - you have to be sure the way is clear. This is, because big aircraft neither have a 360° view nor rear mirrors like a car has.
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=== Phraseology ===

==== Start-up clearance ====

Start-up clearance can be given if no other aircraft is taxiing behind the starting-up aircraft and if the take-off is expected in 20 minutes or less. 

Austrian 125, start-up approved, (Temperature Minus 3)

==== Push-back clearance ====

Push-back clearance can be given if no other aircraft is passing behind and the parking position requires push-back. 

Austrian 125, push-back approved

Push-back is an ''approval'' - pilots are free to do it whenever they are ready. This means: It could take a while. This means: In busy conditions, you can't let that happen. For example, a pilot may be taxiing behind an aircraft which is slow to push back, creating an unwanted scenario. Several options are available to solve this problem:

Austrian 125, immediate push-back approved.

(the pilot has to say "unable" if they still require time to program their FMC.)

Austrian 125, startup approved, call for push with running engines

(the pilot is ready for push and will have their engines already running prior to pushback.)

==== '''Combination of both phrases''' ====

During low traffic you can use these two phrases together 

Austrian 125, start(-up) and push(-back) approved

==== Taxi Instructions ====

Bear in mind: Taxi instructions are '''clearances''', that means: The pilot must and will do it regardless of other things - they don't have a great amount of choice. Don't clear anyone for taxiing around, without knowing that the path is safe for the aircraft. Aircraft won't stop at junctions and look left or right, so it's your job to ensure that pilots are aware of when to stop, or where to expect other aircraft.

The pilot will push back and start the aircraft's engines. As soon as he is ready for taxi they will call you:

AUA125: AUA125, ready for taxi.

Depending on traffic you can give him the taxi instruction to his departure runway:

GND: AUA125, taxi to holding point Rwy 16 via taxiways Exit 4, L and F, QNH 1019.
AUA125: Taxiing to holding point runway 29 via L and F, AUA125.

So, how do you maintain traffic flow at a busy airport, and still maintain safety? There are some options:

First is to clear the aircraft all the way, for the vacant path: "taxi to exit 32". "Taxi on E until intersection B4". But this is time-consuming and you loose overview, therefore creating unnecessary delays.

Second, and more elegant is the '''hold short''' argument:

GND: AUA125, hold short of taxiway L.
AUA125: Holding short of L, AUA125.

This means: The aircraft is cleared all the way to the holding point, but has to "hold short" (=to stop) in mid way '''for a condition which you specify'''. After that (that's the elegant part), they continues as cleared without further instructions.

* This could be only to "hold short" --> until you tell they "continue".
* It could be "give way to crossing B737 from your left to your right" --> the pilot will stop, wait for a passing 737 and continue.
* It could be "follow company B737 taxiing on L" --> the pilot will look out for a B737 of his own airline and follow them.
* It could be anything else, provided that the pilot is able to do it, like 1 minute or whatever.

The "Hold short" argument puts some '''burden on the pilot''': They must judge if they can meet the conditions given. If you tell a B747 to follow a C172, he might likely say "unable", as he is simply unable to see the small aircraft under his nose. As a controller, it is no good idea to tell pilots something they can't do (i.e. look behind) - pilots might oversee it and - bang.

Bear in mind that it is '''controllers' job to decide on wingspan room'''. Aircraft will taxi, and if you don't look out, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayCWSm1f9qk this] happens. If in doubt (as on VATSIM, you usually only have a scope and no window), warn the pilot and ask if he is able to pass without hitting anything.

At VATSIM, you sometimes meet pilots who apparently don't have charts and/or lose orientation - especially when it is dark and the scenery is bad. If a pilot starts sight-seeing, you can tell them to '''stop ("hold position")''' and to '''"expect progressive taxi"''', and that means: you taxi him step by step, and they is instructed to stop at every step. This is a good means to guide a lost aircraft around.

When an aircraft is approaching its assigned holding-point (and clear of possible traffic-conflict) a hand-off to next higher position (i.e. TWR) shall be initiated as soon as the aircraft is conflict-free in your area of responsibility. This means, if no other aircraft can be in the way on his way to the runway. Example for LOWW: Suppose, rwy29 is for departure. GND will line up all aircraft on taxiway M facing East, and TWR will pick them from there. Hand them over to TWR as soon as they approach the queue.

GND:AUA125, contact now Salzburg Tower on frequency 118.10, bye bye!
AUA125:contacting Tower on frequency 118,10 bye!

Air-taxiing is the Movement of a helicopter / VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed of normally less than 20 KT (37 km/h). Please Note: The actual height may vary, and some helicopters may require air-taxiing above 25 FT (8 m) AGL to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for cargo sling loads.
<pre>OEATD: request air taxi to Runway 29.
GND: OEATD, contact TWR for further instructions.
OEATD: Servus Wien Tower, request air taxi to Runway 29 via Exit 13 and M.
TWR: OEATD, air taxi to Runway 29 via Exit 13 and M. wind 280 deg 5 knots
OEATD: air taxi to Runway 29 via M.
</pre>
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=== Ground Traffic Management ===

Bear in mind, that '''it is GND's job that they can taxi freely'''. If an aircraft has clearance, it can roll without looking anywhere else than straight ahead. You must see if the way is clear. But on a busy evening, you will have 5-10 aircraft taxiing at the same time. How you do this so that they don't bump into each other? It's called '''Ground Traffic Management'''.

To organize the traffic on ground different techniques are available, some of them relying on the pilots seeing each other. Generally you should avoid clearing two aircraft onto crossing pathways, unless you are sure they will never meet each other. To achieve this you should instruct aircraft to hold short of taxiways in the way stated above.

There are a few tools which you can use:

====Taxiway configurations====
Only one aircraft can taxi on a taxiway, so you have to order the traffic flow. On larger airports, you set the rules where outbound and where inbound aircraft roll. For LOWW, there is a nice document by [http://www.flightdirector.net/data/VACC_Austria_ATMM.pdf Patrick Hrusa] (thanks!). For LOWI, there is a nice [[LOWI_Primer]] by Claus and Hermann.

====Step-by-step clearance====
A very secure, but time-consuming way to control. Clear the aircraft only as far as it is definitely clear:

GND: AUA251, taxi to intersection M via E.
GND: AUA251, taxi to Exit 9 via M.
GND: AUA251, taxi to gate D21 via Exit 9.

You need a lot of time and patience for this, and with more traffic, you will end up in an overload soon.

====Conditional clearance====
This provides much more flow, but you have to think in advance. See, which aircraft approach to where and give one of them a conditional clearance to stop some point and give way. Make sure that the condition is clear: a specific intersection, a precise plane from a precise direction, like this:

GND: AUA251, taxi to gate D21 via E, M and Exit 9, hold short M for company A320 turning on M from your right.

"Conditional clearance" means: AUA251 is free to taxi until its final clearance limit (D21), but stops inbetween until the condition is met, in this case: another Austrian A320 taxiing (presumably on D) and turning in before him. Then, he is free to continue without instruction. "Hold short" means: You are cleared to your destination, but you should stop inbetween.

====Intermediate instructions====
Sometimes, things go differently as expected: Aircraft stop to sort out checklists, or they speed up. You might need to re-clear or stop the plane, like:

GND: AUA251, hold position, say again: hold position
GND: AUA251, continue.
GND: AUA251, hold short intersection W for a B190 crossing from your right to your left.
GND: AUA251, gate change, taxi to gate F1 via M, Exit 12 and taxilane 34, hold short Exit 12 and give way to B737 crossing from left to right.

====Progressive Taxi====
Some pilots don't know how to taxi, and some don't know where to taxi, and they can drive you mad. To them, you can issue progressive taxi instructions:

GND: Leipzig Air 600, hold position, expect progressive taxi.
GND: Leipzig Air 600, turn next left hold next intersection.
GND: Leipzig Air 600, turn right, on third intersection left and hold.

Consider the following situation:

{| class="prettytable"
|-
| You are the Ground Controller at Vienna Airport. Runways active are 34 for landing and 29 for departure. DLH6KM has vacated rwy 34 and requests taxi to its parking position. LZB421 is ready for taxi at stand B84.
|}

GND:DLH6KM taxi to stand C40 via taxiway D and L.
DLH6KM:Taxiing to stand C40 via D and L, DLH6KM.
LZB421:Wien ground LZB421 stand B84, ready for taxi.
GND:LZB421, taxi taxiway M, hold short of taxiway L.
LZB421:taxiing via W holding short of L.

{| class="prettytable"
|-
| The aircraft are now both approaching the intersection L/W.
|}

GND:LZB421, give way to the DLH B737 crossing left to right on L, thereafter continue
taxi to holding point runway 29 via taxiways Exit 2, M and A1.
LZB421:Giving way to the 737 from left to right, then continuing taxi to holding point
runway 29 via Exit 2, M and A1.

Of course you have to make sure that this instruction is unambiguous, so there shouldn't be two DLH B737s in the area. Also in low visibility operations this procedure might not work very well, in this case you might have to give the aircraft the instruction to continue taxi when the other aircraft has passed. In some cases it is also useful to let one aircraft follow the other:
<pre>GND:LZB421, follow the Austrian DASH 8 crossing you right to left on M to holding point runway 29.
LZB421:following the DASH 8 crossing us right to left on M to holding point runway 29.
</pre>
----

=== Intersection departure ===

Some flights do not need the whole length of their given departure runway so they might request takeoff from an intersection somewhere down the runway. This procedure is called a intersection takeoff. You should only grant this in coordination with Tower and if traffic situation permits. Also at some airports intersections are used to be more flexible in the departure sequence (see section [[Study Guide:Tower#Departure_Seperation_-_Based_on_Type_of_Aircraft_and_departure_route|Departure Seperation]]).

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=== Special Situations (High Traffic, Slots, ...) ===

==== Slots ====

In case the above mentioned slot regulations are in force ground has the responsibility to set up a departure sequence in a way that the aircraft do not miss their slot.

==== Opposite runway operations ====

At some austrian airports it is very common to use opposite runway configurations (departure and arrival runway are opposite to each other). In these situations it can happen very fast that you have two aircraft facing each other nose to nose. Special attention should be paid to avoid this situation.

==== Mind the wingtip: Size matters to GND controllers ====

As GND controller, you have to watch out for the size of an aircraft. You have two indications for the aircraft size in Euroscope: The Letter "L/M/H/S" in the flight strip, and the precise aircraft type in the departure list or tag - an abbreviation which you might need to google, but you will learn over time.

* '''Light aircraft''' (L) need to go to stands, not to docks (you won't want to dock a Cessna, will you?). But "light" is not "light" - on some GAC aprons the aircraft has to be really light, especially when it comes to grass surface. Watch out to the aircraft type.
(A Cessna 172 taxiing in front of an A330:) Tower, confirm I should taxi before the Speedbird A330?
(Tower, smiling:) Confirmed, she's not hungry.

* '''Medium aircraft''' have a different trouble: Some of them (like the Beech 99, the Dash or the Avro RJ are medium, but they need stands. Others, not much bigger, like the Fokker 70 or 100, can dock at the gate, whereas others (like the A319), only a little bigger, usually dock. In doubt: ask the pilot. The medium category goes up to the most-frequent cruisers A320 and B737.

* '''Heavy aircraft''' are (almost) everything above: A330, B757, B767 and B747, the MD11 and the new B787. They almost exclusively dock, but there is another risk: Not all docks are suitable for heavies - ground charts tell you more. Look here to [[Vienna]] to see where you can park which birds.

* '''Superheavy aircraft''' is in fact only one: The A380. There are no suitable docks for A380's in Austria - they park on large stands. Take care with those albatrosses when issuing taxi instructions: Many taxiways (like L in Vienna) are simply not made for this wingspan. [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVIOCVg1G4E This]] could happen.

=== More Information ===
If you really want to study hard, then read the relevant sections for GND in the official [http://www.austrocontrol.at/jart/prj3/austro_control/data/dokumente/YQPMe_LO_Circ_2012_B_04_en.pdf radio telephony guide from Austrocontrol].

A really good index (and much more orderly is [http://contentzone.eurocontrol.int/phraseology/ here at Eurocontrol].

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'' Prev: [[Study Guide:Delivery]] - Overview: [[Study Guide]] - Next: [[Study Guide:Tower]]''

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Vienna

2016-09-01T07:17:45Z

Kieran Cross: Change phrasing of a sentence, to avoid provoking event mayhem.

{{Infobox airport
| name = Vienna International Airport
| nativename = Flughafen Wien-Schwechat
| image = Flughafenschwechat.jpg
| image-width = 200
| image2 =
| image2-width =
| IATA = VIE
| ICAO = LOWW
| type = Private
| owner =
| operator = Flughafen Wien AG
| city-served = Vienna, Austria Bratislava, Slovakia
| location = Schwechat, Austria
| hub = Austrian Airlines Niki
| elevation-f = 600
| elevation-m = 183
| coordinates =
| latd = 48 | latm = 06 | lats = 37 | latNS = N
| longd= 016 | longm= 34 | longs= 11 | longEW= E
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_region = AT
| coordinates_notitle = yes
| website = [http://www.viennaairport.com/ www.viennaairport.com]
| pushpin_map = Austria
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label = LOWW
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_image = Austria relief location map.jpg
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria
| metric-elev = Y
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 11/29
| r1-length-f = 11,483
| r1-length-m = 3,500
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 16/34
| r2-length-f = 11,811
| r2-length-m = 3,600
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| footnotes =
}}
==   Vienna International Airport ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code IATA]: VIE, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_code ICAO]: LOWW) ==

The airport of the Austrian capital Vienna, is located south-east of the city and is connected by a train (called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Airport_Train CAT – City Airport Train]) as well as a motorway to the Viennese City Center. The airport is famous as an east-west junction with over 15.9 Million passengers a year. The profitable Eastern Europe routes are provided by the homecarrier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Airlines Austrian].

In the year 2005 the “[http://www.viennaairport.com/ Flughafen Wien AG]” started to build the so called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_International_Airport#Terminals SKYLINK], an additional terminal in the eastern part of the airport which offers space for 91 check-in counters as well as 51 additional gates (5 of them are A380-approved). In the year 2006 the new air traffic control tower was opened. With it’s height of 109 meters, it’s the tallest control tower in Europe. It can be seen from far away, so it got a landmark for the airport.

Terminal 1 offers space for the carriers of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Alliance Star Alliance], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot Aeroflot] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_%28airline%29 Emirates]. Terminal 1A is located right opposite of Terminal 1 and is a temporarily building to bridge the capacity constraint until the new SKYLINK Terminal will be finished soon. In this Terminal there are mainly located low-cost carriers, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niki_%28airline%29 NIKI], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Berlin Air Berlin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanwings Germanwings] etc.

The airport offers 2 asphalt [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway runways] with orientations 11/29 (3.500 meters) and 16/34 (3.600 meters). All of them are equipped with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system ILS system], 2 of them offer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAT_III#ILS_categories CAT III B]. Just recently (April 2012), a decision has been made to build a third runway parallel to 11-29.

= LOWW for Pilots =
== About this section ==
This section is intended to be an introduction to first-time flyers in and out of Vienna, as well as a guide for inexperienced pilots. This series actually started with [[LOWI for Pilots]] which found quite many followers, so other Austrian airports follow.
== A quick look around ==
Vienna Airport is a medium range international airport, which - like many of them - has grown organically. Like all airports of this kind, they have peculiarities - most of them making life complicated for controllers.
=== On the ground ===
==== Aprons and parking positions ====
''(See the LOWW charts "overview" and "parking positions", available [[http://www.vacc-austria.org/?page=content/chartlist&icao=LOWW here]].)''

* '''General Aviation West''' is at the far west behind the exits Q1 and P1. This area is for really small aircraft.

* '''Technical base''' (if you blew up a tyre on landing) is next, opposite Exit 14 and 15. Many GAC pilots start from there (for whichever reason).

* '''General Aviation East''' is not really in the East, but rather "east of the GAC West": It is on L between technical base and the main terminal. Most GAC pilots start from here. In real life, this area is for the business class aircraft.

* '''Apron B''' is next to the East come two rows of stands for smaller aircraft. Regional planes like Dash, Bitch (sorry, Beech) 1900 or RJ87 go there often, and it is also the company apron of Austrian regional connector flights. Beware of the one-way street: '''B71-B75''' enter and leave (pushback) via taxilane 31. '''B81-B85''' enter via taxilane 32 and leave (no pushback) via taxilane 31. '''B91-B96''' enter via taxilane 33 and leave (no pushback) via taxilane 32.

* '''Pier West''' covers the '''C gates'''. It is the "Schengen" pier with no passport control. Log in for your departure, if you fly within the Schengen area. The two gates at the corner (C36 and C39) are suitable for Heavies. Expect some broken glass in the terminal, if you log into C31 with an Airbus A330 :-). Most Non-Star-Alliance-aircraft depart from here.

* '''Pier East''' covers the '''D gates'''. This is the "Non-Schengen" pier, mostly for Non-Star-Alliance-aircraft. Again, the corner goates (D23, D27) are Heavy gates.

* Further East along taxiway L are the '''E stands'''. In this area the low cost carriers park, as gates are more expensive than stands. Aircraft park nose-south: They enter via taxilane 36 and leave onto L.

* East of the main terminal is the new Skylink, now named '''[[http://www.viennaairport.com/jart/prj3/va/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1249344074277 Check-in 3]]''' Access for aircraft is divided: For the south (F01-F37, odd), aircraft use taxilane 35/26, for the north (F04-F36, even), it's taxilane 40. Check-in 3 is Schengen-and-non-Schengen and is the home pier for the Star Alliance fleet.

* '''Taxilanes 35/36/37''' are one-way streets, but the direction changes according to runway configuration. Expect ground controller to issue a "pushback facing east/west" clearance. If you don't get any facing instruction, face east, as you are most likely to get out this way.

* '''Taxilane 38''' is exit-only: Aircraft parking on F41-F59, as well as F41-F50 use it to leave.

* '''The H apron''' is north of taxilane 40. H41-H48 are pushback stands, H49-H50 leave via taxilane 42.

* '''The K apron''' is for cargo and at the very northeast, accessible via E and taxilane 43.

==== Where to log in with which aircraft ====
If you want to fly as-real-as-it-gets, then you can use the following guidelines for login:
* Star Alliance birds of the size of an A320 or more usually park at the skylink.
* Non-Star Alliance aircraft park on the pier West (Schengen) and East (Non-Schengen)
* Low Cost Carrier usually start from the E apron and F41-F59, as well as the H apron.
* Cargo leaves from K
* Larger GAC aircraft (like a Challenger) leave from B or GAC East
* Small GAC aircraft (like sports aircraft) leave from GAC West.
* Super-large birds have F44, F48, H49 and H50. Sorry, no gates for the A380 in Vienna.

On high traffic situations (Like the Weekly Wed) it might be good to look around before loggin in - you might sit on top of another aircraft. You can use [[http://www.vacc-austria.org/?page=content/gatelist&icao=LOWW the gatelist]] from the VACC Austria homepage or use the more remote places to log in, like the corners of the Pier (C31, C42, D21, D29) or the mostly vacant Check-in 3. There is no hassle on B, E and H stands.

==== Taxiing ====
This is, where the "evolutionary" design of Vienna airport hits reality - Vienna is not quite spacious to taxi around. Make sure to be slow enough and to follow ground controller instructions - you find yourself in the grass, in a building, head on to or even crashing into a fellow aircraft if you don't. Be aware: There is '''no follow-me car''' in Vienna, even if MSFS shows you one. Be so kind and follow the instructions of the ground controller or face a disconnect. On busy days (like the weekly wednesday) you can seriously screw up traffic by not following instructions.

Also, unlike other major airports (like EGLL), there are no unique and published taxiing directions - taxiways are used in either way following runway configuration. There is not even a uniform standard, how controllers handle traffic for specific runway configurations - it's where controllers do it their ways.

If you fly into Vienna with ATC control, then you get taxi instructions - follow them, full stop.

If you don't, then you can use the following rough guidelines: You have some roughly parallel taxiways with W-L into one way and M-E into the opposite direction. Easiest is to follow these taxiways right-around. ATC will guide you differently (as right-around-only is inefficient), but if you have not, it is most likely that you don't end up nose-to-nose:

* '''Departure rwy 11''': Taxi down to L (coming from the north: via W), changing to M on exit 12, if you are more than a light aircraft (wingspan - you might smash some Cessnas standing around on GAC East) for departure from A11 or A12. Taxilane 36 is eastwards for W.

* '''Departure rwy 16''': Taxi down to M and via Ex1 and Ex24 up E to Ex31. Taxilane 36 is eastwards to W where (strictly followed) you should drive right-around (W, Ex2, Ex1, Ex24, E) or you might look out and cut the corner to the left and Ex23 to E.

* '''Departure rwy 29''': Taxi down to M (from north: via W)

* '''Departure rwy 34''': Taxi down to M and E - from north: only via E.

* '''Arrival rwy 11''': Leave on M, take next exit to L to the terminal, or take A2, Ex1 Ex24 and E for the northern stands. Right-around would also mean that taxilane 36 is eastwards via Ex7 and taxilane 35.

* '''Arrival rwy 16''': Vacate to E and taxi up to the northern aprons, or turn left for L for the terminal and for taxilanes 35+36.

* '''Arrival rwy 29''': Leave to M and taxi to the terminal, or take Ex1, Ex24 and E for the northern apron.

* '''Arrival rwy 34''': Take W and taxilane 40 for the northern aprons or L for and taxilane 35-36 for GAC, terminals and southern stands. If you brake hard, you can cut the corner and vacate B4 and L.

== Departure ==
... from Vienna is like any other larger airport. You have delivery, Ground and Tower and follow the procedures.
=== Clearance procedures ===
==== ATIS ====
ATIS in Vienna is at 122.95. Please tune it in before asking for clearance.
==== Voice? Newbie? ====
* Controllers love voice partners, and if this is not possible, voice receivers. If you are text-only, then expect delays - voice is first when times get busy.
* Don't worry if you are a newbie - everyone was one. Please write it into the comment field of your flight plan and take your time. Controllers get along with pilots asking "say again", taxiing slowly, but doing the right thing. They are unhappy with those who hurry and mess up traffic (and they dislike impolite people). If you want guidance for your first flights (via teamspeak for example), you might want to make you a login at the [[http://forum.vacc-austria.org VACC Austria Forum]] and put a request into [[http://forum.vacc-austria.org/viewforum.php?f=58 this section]], and some people will be glad to help you along.

==== Clearance Altitudes ====
Vienna has one clearance altitude for all departures: 5000ft (local QNH). Transition altitude is 5000ft too, but this is a coincidence. For you it means, that you have to change your altimeter after handoff to Approach, not before.
==== SID's ====
ATC will give you a SID.
* If you are unable for RNAV departures (i.e.: if you don't have a FMC), then please state it in your flight plan and file a non-RNAV flight plan. There are two non-RNAV departures per runway (to WGM VOR and SNU VOR), from which you will get one. From there, you will fly direct to your next waypoint.
* If you are unable to fly any SID, then you can ask for vectored departure. You will receive initial instructions from Delivery (like "stay on runway heading") and further instructions from ATC. Bear in mind, that ATC can deny vectored departures, if the air is boiling.
* For noise abatement reasons, some SID's are closed after 21:00 local time. See the charts to find out, which. Some controllers use noise abatement, some don't.

=== Push and Start ===
Some folks ask for push and fall asleep. Some folks ask for push, push and then fall asleep. Both mess up ground movements considerably. If you are slow with your plane, then please start up on the gate and ask for push when ready.

=== After takeoff ===
* Vienna has defined SIDs, so you should fly them. Most of them are RNAV. There are vectored departures on request or on ATC's discretion.
* Expect to be transferred to the appropriate approach controller right after takeoff - tune the frequency into standby already on ground. If Tower forgets, you might remind him with a polite "<callsign>, airborne" once you pass 2000ft or so :-)
* On all normal days, there is only one approach controller at 128,20.
* On very-high-traffic events like "Finally Austria", Approach is divided north-south, with either 128,20 or 118,77 - look for the active stations while still on ground. "Your" station varies according to the SID you fly - it's in the SID chart.
* If no Approach controller is online, LOVV_CTR with 134,15 is your station, and if this station is offline, contact UNICOM at 122,8.

== Arrival ==
You will enter the approach procedures when reaching the initial STAR waypoints. Before you reach them, listen to LOWW_ATIS at 122.95, and when transferred to Approach, you call in with callsign, position, altitude and ATIS on board:
LHA123: Wien Radar, Leipzig123, inbound VENEN, FL270 descending to FL240, ATIS B on board.
LOWW_APP: Leipzig 123, Wien radar, identified, cleared VENEN2W arrival, descend FL100.

Like every major European airport, LOWW has STAR, transitions and approaches:
=== STAR's ===
ATC will most likely clear you a STAR and an altitude to descend. At the end of each STAR is a holding which you might be ordered to enter. Altitudes on the chart are minimum altitudes - ATC will tell you the altitude to fly. In the case of Vienna, STARs are also unique: From each entry point, there is only one STAR to take. As a pilot, you could as well key in the STAR into your FMC straight away.

=== Transitions ===
Transitions are runway-specific - you know your transition once you know the runway, and you know the runway once you listened to ATIS. Therefore, you can key in your STAR while on cruise, and your transition while approaching or flying the STAR. Don't forget: ATC will clear you the transition or vector you.

It is vital that you have your transition on FMC, as (see below) ATC might order you to cut corners and then continue to fly the transition. It is also vital, that you look up the approach chart once you know the runway and key in the necessary frequencies for ILS approach and for go-around.

=== Director ===
On busy days, the last phase before landing has a Director: He/she is responsible for the nitty-gritty spacing in the "string of pearls" where traffic is dense for two reasons: 1) aircraft merge from all directions, and 2) aircraft slow down. Expect ATC transfer you, if Director is online. Usually, you call Director "callsign only" - no position, no altitude, only "Wien Director, Leipzig 123".

Once established on the ILS (or on visual final), Director will transfer you to Tower.

=== How to handle directions on approach ===
* Usually, you are cleared a STAR and transition - As soon as you know ATIS, you are able to key in the transition into your FMC.
* If ATC orders you to fly direct to a waypoint on the STAR or transition, you fly direct to the waypoint and then follow the transition to final.
* If ATC never orders an altitude, you fly the altitudes on the charts (but ATC never does that).
* If ATC vectors you, than you leave STAR and transition altogether (expect to be vectored or direct-ed until final).
* If ATC orders you to level UNTIL a certain waypoint, descend at your descretion, as long as you match the altitude at that point (you can level off before).
* If ATC orders you to level AT a certain waypoint, then calculate well and descend to meet the altitude at the point - not before, not after.
* If in doubt, ask!

=== Vacating and taxiing ===
* If you land on rwy11/29 and rwy34, then vacating throws you into the middle of dense traffic - stop on the exit and wait for ground instructions.
* If you vacate from rwy16, then you can roll on D or E and wait for instructions - frees the exit for the next hungry aircraft behind. You should definitely stop before D4 or E4 - they are ILS critical holding points which you should not cross without clearance.

=== Communication failure ===
... is published on the charts - please set your squawk 7600 and follow it.

[[Category:Airports]]