Revision as of 21:40, 9 August 2018

Overview: Study Guide - Next: Study Guide:Basic Lesson

About this page

This is the overview of all study documents for our trainees. From here, you will find the links to other relevant pages.

Overview

In the ATC_academy you will find all steps into your ATC career at VACC Austria.

Study Guide

The Study Guides are tutorial-like documents for the relevant steps in your training career. Study them step by step along with your trainings.

Airport Primers

... are documents with procedures how to handle specific airports.

LOWI_Primer for Innsbruck
LOWW_Primer for Vienna (under construction)

Difference between revisions of "Study Guide"

Revision as of 21:40, 9 August 2018

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-Diese Seite dient der Entwicklung der Trainingsdokumente der FIR Wien.
+Overview: [[Study Guide]] - Next: [[Study Guide:Basic Lesson]]
-==Geplante Dokumente==
+= About this page =
+This is the overview of all study documents for our trainees. From here, you will find the links to other relevant pages.
-* Study Guide: Tower
+= Overview =
-* Study Guide: Radar
+* In the [[ATC_academy]] you will find all steps into your ATC career at VACC Austria.
-* Study Guide: Airport Details
-==Study Guide: Tower==
+= Study Guide =
-===Introduction===
-Tower is responsible for all movements on the runways as well as for all movements within the Control Zone (CTR): e.g. LOWW_TWR: 10NM radius, GND to 2500ft MSL).<br>
-Tower is also responsible for Ground and Delivery operations if they are not online. Tower also decides which runways are in use.<br>
-===Basic Radio Communication Principles===
+The Study Guides are tutorial-like documents for the relevant steps in your training career. Study them step by step along with your trainings.
-===Aircraft and basic Flying Principles===
-===METAR and TAF===
-'''METAR'''<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Intro]]
-The word '''METAR''' comes from the French phrase "message d’observation météorologique régulière pour l’aviation". It is thought to be a contraction of the French words '''MÉT'''éorologique ("Weather") '''A'''viation '''R'''égulière ("Routine").<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Basic Lesson]]
-A METAR is a codified observation message indicating airfield weather conditions observed at a given time. Such a message is established every hour, even sometimes every 30 minutes or shorter due to fast and heavy weather changes which affects the traffic flow.<br><br>
+*[[Study Guide:Euroscope]]
-Sample:<br>
+*[[Study Guide:OBS]]
-LOWW 011220Z 33007KT 280V020 3000 R34/1500 +RASH FEW040 BKN058TCU 16/07 Q1014 RETS WS RWY34 34231091 BECMG -SHRA SCT030CB<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Delivery]]
-<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Ground]]
-''Detailed Explaination:''<br><br>
+*[[Study Guide:Tower]]
-.) Location Identifier: '''LOWW'''<br>
+*[[Study Guide: Approach]]
-The four-letter ICAO code of the observing location.<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Radar]]
-<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Airport Details]]
-.) Day of Month/Zulu Time: '''011220Z'''<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Low Visibility Procedures]]
-<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Special Procedures]]
-.) Wind: '''33007KT'''<br>
+*[[Study Guide:Flight Level Allocation Scheme]]
-Wind direction (true heading), rounded to the nearest ten degrees and always expressed as three digits. Direction can be given as VRB if wind direction is variable and wind speed is at most 3 knots.<br>
-plus<br>
-average wind speed of last 10 minutes in knots.<br>
-or<br>
-maximum gust wind speed in knots.<br>
-If it is calm, the wind is given as 00000KT.<br>
-<br>
-.) Variable Wind Direction: '''280V020'''<br>
-This field is used if the total variation of wind direction during the last 10 minutes is 60 degrees or more and wind speed is more than 3 knots. The direction extrema are given in clockwise order<br>
-<br>
-.) Horizontal Visibility: '''3000'''<br>
-Usually, only the minimum visibility is reported. If the minimum is less than 1500m and the maximum is over 5000m, the maximum visibility and its direction are indicated by a second visibility group following the minimum visibility.<br>
-<br>
-.) RVR Runway Visual Range: '''R34/1500'''<br>
-Runway designator and runway visibility in meters.<br>
-<br>
-.) Significant Weather: '''+RASH'''<br>
-Intensity is expressed by: + = heavy, - = light, ''nothing'' = moderate<br>
-Proximity is described by: VC = ViCinity (within 8km)<br>
-   BC = Banc - fog bench
-   BL = Blowing
-   DR = Drifting
-   FZ = Freezing
-   MI = Mince - thin fog layer
-   SH = Shower
-   TS = Thunderstorm
-   DZ = Drizzle
-   GR = Grêle - hail (diameter > 5mm)
-   GS = Grêsil - hail (diameter < 5mm)
-   IC = Ice Crystal
-   PE = Ice Pellets
-   RA = Rain
-   SG = Snow Grains
-   SN = Snow
-   BR = Brume - mist (vis 1000 to 3000m)
-   DU = Dust
-   FG = Fog (vis < 1000m)
-   FU = Fumée - smoke (vis < 3000m)
-   HZ = Haze
-   SA = Sand
-   VA = Vulcanic Ashes
-   DS = Dust Storm
-   FC = Funnel Clouds
-   PO = Dust Spins
-   SQ = Squall
-   SS = Sand Storm
-<br>
-.) Clouds and Ceiling: '''FEW040 BKN058TCU'''<br>
-<br>
-Cloud coverage:<br>
-   FEW = few - 1 to 2 octas
-   SCT = scattered - 3 to 4 octas
-   BKN = broken - 5 to 7 octas
-   OVC = overcast - 8 octas
-Cloud types:<br>
-   CB = cumulunimbus
-   TCU = towering cumuli or cumulus congestus
-Also common:<br>
-   SKC = Sky Clear (no clouds)
-   OVC/// = clouds covering the sky and which base is below aerodrome level
-   VV/// = sky not visible
-   VV002 = vertical visibility is 200ft
-   CAVOK = ceiling and visibility is OK (vis > 10km and SKC)
-.) Temperature and Dew Point: '''16/07'''<br>
-The difference between temperature and dew pont is called "spread", the smaller the spread the higher the risk of precipitation.<br>
-<br>
-.) Pressure, QNH (altimeter setting): '''Q1014'''<br>
-QNH = 1014 hPa (hectopascals - 1hPa = 1mb - millibar)<br>
-<br>
-.) Recent Weather: '''RETS'''<br>
-Recent Thunderstorm<br>
-Also:<br>
-   RERA = recent rain
-   RESN = recent snow
-   NOSIG = no significant change
-.) Wind Shear: '''WS RWY34'''<br>
-Also:<br>
-   WS TKOF RWY 16 = windshear when taking of runway 16
-   WS LDG RWY 34 = windshear when landing at runway 34
-   WS ALL RWYS = windshear all runways
-.) Runway Status: '''34231091'''<br>
-'''34''' = runway 34<br>
-'''2''' = wet<br>
-'''3''' = covering 26 to 50% of runway surface<br>
-'''10''' = 10mm thick<br>
-'''91''' = braking action poor<br><br>
-Explaination:<br>
-st and 2nd figure = runway designator<br>
-rd figure = type of deposit on the runway<br>
-= runway clean and dry
-= damp
-= wet
-= frost
-= snow
-= wet snow
-= slush
-= ice
-= compacted snow
-= snow drift
-   / = unknown, removal in progress
-th figure = percentage of runway contamination<br>
-= less than 10%
-= 11 to 25%
-= 26 to 50%
-= 51 to 100%
-   / = unknown, removal in progress
-th and 6th figure = deposit thickness<br>
-to 90 = millimeters
-= 10cm
-= 15cm
-= 20cm
-= 25cm
-= 30cm
-= 35cm
-= 40cm
-= unknown
-   // = unable to measure
-th and 8th figure = braking action<br>
-to 90 = coefficient 0.01 to 0.90
-   or
-= poor
-= medium to poor
-= medium
-= medium to good
-= good
-= uncertain
-   // = unknown
-.) Trend: '''BECMG -SHRA SCT030CB'''<br>
-Consists of following keywords and other METAR components:<br>
-   BECMG: becoming
-   TEMPO: temporarily
-   NOSIG: no significant change expected within 2 hours
-   AT: at
-   FM: from
-   TL: until
-.) Remarks:<br>
-RMK followed by METAR components and miscellaneous abbreviations.<br>
-<br><br>
-'''TAF''' Terminal Aerodrome Forecast<br>
-METAR describes the current weather conditions, a TAF message
-contains forecast information. Many of the elements are similar to
-those used in METARs. An example of a TAF message:<br>
-   LOWW 011400Z 011524 31008KT 9999 FEW040 BKN060 TX16/15Z TN10/24Z
+= Airport Primers =
-     TEMPO 1521 32013KT -SHRA BKN045
+... are documents with procedures how to handle specific airports.
-     PROB30
-     TEMPO 1520 31015G25KT 6000 SHRA BKN040 FEW045TCU
-     BECMG 2324 CAVOK
-The first two groups (LOWW 01140Z) are identical to METAR groups: location identifier and issuing day and time. The third group (011524) tells the period for which the forecast is given. The first two numbers denote day of month. The next four numbers give the validity hours. In this example, the forecast is valid from 15:00 to 24:00. After these code groups, a description of the forecast weather phenomena follows.<br>
-===How is an Aerodrome Organized?===
+*[[LOWI_Primer]] for Innsbruck
-===Working Delivery Positions===
+*[[LOWW_Primer]] for Vienna (under construction)
-====Flightplan Structure====
-====Issuing Routing Clearances====
-====Special Situations (High Traffic, Slots, ...)====
-===Working Ground Positions===
-====Taxi Instructions====
-====Ground Traffic Management====
-====Special Situations (High Traffic, Slots, ...)====
-===Working Tower Positions===
-====ATIS====
-Bei der ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service) handelt es sich um eine automatisch generierte Informationsdurchsage für den Flugverkehr an größeren Flughäfen. Sie wird auf einer eigenen Frequenz in einer Endlosschleife gesendet und soll die aktiven Funkstationen am Flughafen entlasten.<br>
-Piloten, die unter IFR an- oder abfliegen, sind verpflichtet, vor dem Erstkontakt mit der zuständigen Flugverkehrskontrollstelle zunächst das ATIS abzuhören. Beim Erstkontakt nennt der Pilot den ATIS-Kennbuchbuchstaben, um dem Controller zu bestätigen, dass er die aktuelle Version abgehört hat.<br>
-<br>
-'''Bestandteile einer ATIS Meldung:'''<br>
-Name des Flughafens<br>
-Laufender ATIS-Kennbuchstabe<br>
-Zeit der Beobachtung des Flugplatzwetters<br>
-Aktive Landebahn<br>
-Übergangshöhe<br>
-Windrichtung und -geschwindigkeit<br>
-Flugsichten<br>
-besondere Wetterlagen (z.B. Regen)<br>
-Hauptwolkenuntergrenze<br>
-Temperatur und Taupunkt<br>
-QNH<br>
-Änderungstrend<br>
-<br>
-Die ATIS wird alle 30 Minuten oder bei signifikanten Wetteränderungen erneuert.<br>
-====Determination of active Runways====
+= Other related documents =
-====Transition Altitude/Transition Level====
-Die Transition Altitude (TA) beträgt in Wien immer 5000 ft.
-Der Transition Level (TL) ergibt sich in Abhängigkeit zum aktuellen Luftdruck (QNH):<br>
-<br>
-QNH      < 0977: TA + 3000 ft.<br>
-QNH 0978 - 1013: TA + 2000 ft.<br>
-QNH 1014 - 1050: TA + 1000 ft.<br>
-QNH 1051 >     : TA = TL<br>
-<br>
-Zwischen der TA und dem TL befindet sich der Transition Layer, der einen Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 1000 ft. zwischen dem "unteren Bereich" (Airport Elevation bis A5000 ft.) und dem "oberen Bereich" (Standard Luftdruck 1013 hPa bis Untergrenze TL) gewährleistet. Dadurch werden gefährliche Überschneidungen zwischen dem an- und abfliegenden Verkehr vermieden.<br>
-====Runway Separation====
+* [[Squawk_Codes]]
-The runway utilization concept for LOWW is based on the fact that the airport layout with its crossing runways normally does *not allow simultaneous approaches* to both runways. Whenever possible, runways 11/29 and 16/34 will be used independently to allow departures on one runway (normally 16 or 29) while using the other runway for landing aircraft (independent runway configuration).<br><br>
+* [[Airspace classes]]
-Possible runway configurations are: ARR 11, DEP 16: SE winds, if no sim. apps possible* ARR 34, DEP 34: calm/NW winds ARR 16, DEP 29: calm/SW winds ARR 11/16 sim, DEP 16: calm/SE winds, if sim apps possible* * Simultaneous approaches to runways 11 and 16 are possible only at tower's discretion during certain weather conditions (visual reduction of separation). Aircrews are advised to show landing lights as soon as possible. In case of technical uncertainties during final approach that might possibly lead to a missed approach, aircrews are asked to inform ATC immediately.
+* [[Emergency procedures]]
+* [[Visibility ranges]]
-====Departing Traffic====
-====Arriving Traffic====
-====Merging Departing and Arriving Traffic====
-* Wake Turbulence Separation
-* Conditional Clearances
-===VFR Traffic - Differences===
-====Information Positions====
-===Special Situations (High Traffic, Slots, ...)===
-==Study Guide: Radar==
-===Responsibilitys===
-===Airspace Structure===
-===Radar Princples===
-===Minimum Radar Seperation===
-===MRVA, MSA===
-===Structure of Flightplans and Routings===
-====SIDs====
-====STARs====
-====Types of Instrument Approaches====
-===Basic Vectoring===
-===Seperation and Sequencing Techniques===
-====Planning====
-====Delay Vectoring====
-====Speed Control====
-====Holding====
-====Coordination with adjacent Sectors====
-===VFR Traffic===
-====Flight Information Positions====
-===Abnormal Situations - Emergencies, Radio Failures===
-===Controlling CTR Positions===
-==Study Guide: Airport Details==
-===LOWW===
-WIEN SCHWECHAT<br>
-===LOWL===
-LINZ HOERSCHING<br>
-Originally, Linz airport was located at the industrial harbour, where today’s gliding airfield is located at. In 1938 the airport was relocated to its present position “Hoersching” due to the construction of “Chemie Linz”, a big chemical industry factory. During world war 2 it was used as air force base. In 1956 the civilian passenger traffic started. Until the terminal building was erected in 1976 all flights from and to Linz airport were handled on the military apron which wasn’t very comfortable.<br>
-<br>
-Today’s airport equipment is state-of-the-art and offers a 3000 meters long and 60 meters wide asphalt runway which is equipped for an ILS CAT IIIb approach on RWY27 and an ILS CAT I approach on RWY09. Due to this fact, the airport is open and certified for all type of aircrafts. Until 1989 Linz was able to welcome the supersonic aircraft Concorde several times. Furthermore a 600 meters long grass runway is available mostly for general aviation aircrafts.<br>
-<br>
-In the southern part of the airport the air base “Vogler” is located which is the home base for two Hercules C130 aircraft of the Austrian military. In the year 2006 the airport was used by 762.000 passengers. Cargo plays an important role in Linz as 32.000 tons of cargo was handeld. The yearly number of movements varies between 13.500 and 14.500.<br>
-<br>
-In the past years Linz was found as an ideal airport for no-frills airlines like Ryanair, Niki, HLX, especially for their holiday flights. The newest route is offered by Air Berlin and Fly Niki and connects Linz to Nuremberg. The network carriers Austrian and Lufthansa also operate out of Linz.<br>
-===LOWS===
-SALZBURG MAXGLAN<br>
-Welcome to Salzburg. Salzburg – W.A. Mozart has become Austria´s second largest airport since the days when there was only a grass runway and some wooden barracks around 1926; the airport is named after the famous composer. The airport, located in the Maxglan district is nowadays not only a great destination for low-cost carriers, but also a destination for some well known companies from all over the world. Salzburg is having its peak time during the winter-charter season.<br>
-<br>
-The technical equipment of the airport is state of the art and the arrival as well as the departure procedures can be quite challenging for some pilots. Salzburg has a CAT I ILS DME approach procedure. Because of its unique proximity to Mount Untersberg, runway 34 offers the possibility for a circling approach.
-<br><br>
-With the beginning of the year 2000, besides many other GA companies, Red Bull bought the eastern part of the airfield and built two huge hangars - made entirely of glass – for its own airplanes. These hangars are better known today as hangars 7+8 – the aircrafts and the hangar parked there are not only a visitor attraction but they’re also the home of Red Bulls air race group showing jets, choppers and long gone oldtimers.<br>
-===LOWI===
-INNSBRUCK KRANEBITTEN<br>
-The airport was opened 1925 and is located on the west side of Innsbruck near the river Inn just about 3.5km away from the centre. Innsbruck became famous of his difficult west approach and was a long time one of the five most dangerous airports in the world. Since 29 February 1964, when an Bristol Brittania 312 (British Eagle Airlines) crashed into a southern mountain Glungezer (2610m), only special trained pilots are allowed to land in Innsbruck.
-<br><br>
-Also specialities in Innsbruck are the 2 LOC/DME approaches. The OEV locator from the east has a 5 degrees offset to the runway, compared to the OEJ locator from the west which is leading the aircraft north over the airport. Both instrument approaches end latest at AB (Absam NDB) where the visual part begins.
-<br><br>
-Innsbruck is the base of Austrian Arrows (former Tyrolean Airways), Tyrolean Jet Services and Welcome Air. In the year 2005 the airport handled 40.389 movements and 738.296 passengers. That’s an increase of 2.57% for movements and 1.40% for passengers compared to the year 2004.
-<br><br>
-In winter time the traffic is increasing significantly (more than 100 movements/day), mostly on Saturdays, as a result of the charter flights from Europe and Russia to the great ski region Tyrol in the middle of the Alps in Austria.<br>
-===LOWK===
-KLAGENFURT WOERTHERSEE<br>
-Klagenfurt Airport is located a couple of miles NE of Lake Wörthersee right in the heart of Carinthia in Austria. Like many other major airports in Austria in the 1950s, Klagenfurt had only one grass runway. In 1958 the concrete runway was built. During the Seventies, years with a strong economy, Carinthia became a more important holiday destination, thought flying wasn’t the first choice of travel of people then. Nevertheless it became necessary to build the first passenger terminal, in 1981 the runway was extended to its current length and in 2003 a CAT II/III landing system was added.<br>
-<br>
-At the beginning Klagenfurt was only serviced by Austrias home carrier Austrian Airlines. Today Klagenfurt/Alpe-Adria-Airport, as it is called, is the destination of many low-cost carriers such as Ryanair, Hapag Lloyd Express and Thomsonfly.<br>
-<br>
-South of the airport the Karawanken mountains are located which give the airport a unique location. Klagenfurt is also home of a lot of General Aviation companies as well as flying schools and Parachuters Clubs since the old grass runway still exists.<br>
-<br>
-During the yearly Beach Volleyball Grand Slam Klagenfurt is also a seasonal destination of well known airlines from all over Europe.<br>
-===LOWG===
-GRAZ THALERHOF<br>
-The airport of the styrian capital Graz, which is located south of the city, is operated by Graz public service „Grazer Stadtwerke“ and was used by nearly 893.000 passengers on 18.000 flights. The second-largest city of Austria with a population of about 250.000 is famous as a student city.
-<br><br>
-Furthermore, Graz is location for companies like DaimlerChrysler, Infineon, Roche, Siemens, T-Mobile, Heineken, Magna Steyr and many more. Many visitors have also been attracted by the nomination as cultural capital of Europe 2003. As place of birth (Thal near Graz) of the actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Graz got famous in the USA as well.
-<br><br>
-Airlines like Austrian, Lufthansa, Ryanair, InterSky, WelcomeAir and Rheinair connect the airport with other Austrian, as well as German, Swiss and British cities. Additionally Graz can count on many charterflights from all over the world. In the end of the year 2005 the new, light-flooded and modern passenger terminal was opened and offers now a capacity of 1.5 million passengers a year.
-<br><br>
-Graz is popular for the general aviation and is homebase for flight-schools as well. The airport offers a 3.000 meters long asphalt runway which is equipped with a CAT III ILS system to offer flight-service during all weather conditions.<br>
-[[Category:Dokumentation]]