Difference between revisions of "Study Guide:Low Visibility Procedures"
(Major overhaul) |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | + | == Definition == | |
| − | 1. | + | Low visibility procedures exist to support Low Visibility Operations at Aerodromes when either surface visibility is sufficiently low to prejudice safe ground movement without additional procedural controls or the prevailing cloud base is sufficiently low to preclude pilots obtaining the required visual reference to continue to landing at the equivalent of an ILS Cat 1 DH/DA. [[https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Low_Visibility_Procedures_(LVP)]] |
| − | + | === Terminology: RVR/CAT === | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | RVR = Runway Visual Range (Landebahnsicht) | ||
| − | RVR | + | RVR is being measured at three points along the runway: "Touchdown Zone", "Mid Point" and "Stop End". |
| − | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ILS- | + | | ILS-Category|| Minimum RVR || Decision Height (DH) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Cat I || 550 meters or visibility 800 meters || 200ft |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Cat II || 300 meters || 100ft |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Cat IIIa || 200 meters || 100 - 0ft |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Cat IIIb || 75 - 50 meters || 50 - 0ft |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Cat IIIc || keine RVR Begrenzung|| nil |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | As of November 2020, in real life only RVR is considered in the decision making process whether LVP is being activated or not. This does not apply to VATSIM operations due to various factors, including but not limited to the depiction of visibility in various simulator-weather-addons. | |
[[https://www.austrocontrol.at/jart/prj3/ac/data/dokumente/LO_Circ_2020_A_15_en_2020-10-30_1110129.pdf]] | [[https://www.austrocontrol.at/jart/prj3/ac/data/dokumente/LO_Circ_2020_A_15_en_2020-10-30_1110129.pdf]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Decision Making Process (LOWW) == | ||
| + | |||
| + | In order to determine whether ot not LVP has to be used, two factors have to be considered: Ceiling (lowest OVC or BKN cloud layer or vertical visibility) and RVR. | ||
| + | |||
| + | For exact criteria refer to [[#LVP Criteria For Airports|LVP Criteria For Airports]] | ||
== Procedures == | == Procedures == | ||
| − | + | === ATIS === | |
| − | + | Pilots need to be informed about the activity of LVP. To do this, add „&lvp“ at the end of the Uniatis-String. This will result in the following text to be recieved by the pilots: | |
| + | LOW VISIBILITY PROCEDURES IN OPERATION | ||
=== Landing Clearance === | === Landing Clearance === | ||
| − | |||
During LVP Landing Clearances should be given: | During LVP Landing Clearances should be given: | ||
| − | |||
*'''Arriving A/C 2 NM Final''' | *'''Arriving A/C 2 NM Final''' | ||
*'''In exceptional circumstances at 1 NM Final''' | *'''In exceptional circumstances at 1 NM Final''' | ||
| + | Note: They "should" be given - this is not a requirement per se, but rather considered as guidance for the ATCO. | ||
| − | + | === Sequencing On Final === | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | === | ||
| − | Lower visibilities require enlarged separation minima depending on the actual | + | Lower visibilities require enlarged separation minima on final depending on the actual conditions: |
| − | *'''CAT II | + | *'''CAT II radar separation on final: 4nm''' |
| − | *'''CAT III | + | *'''CAT III radar separation on final: 6nm''' |
| − | + | === Considerations For Takeoff === | |
| − | + | *During '''LVP Stage 2 or 3''', departing TFC should be cleared for takeoff before the next inbound for the same runway is closer that '''6nm from threshold'''. | |
| + | == Phraseology == | ||
'''As soon as the METAR indicates an RVR value e.g: R16/P1500N you are required to transmit this value''' | '''As soon as the METAR indicates an RVR value e.g: R16/P1500N you are required to transmit this value''' | ||
| Line 77: | Line 70: | ||
'''Takeoff Clearance''' | '''Takeoff Clearance''' | ||
| − | + | AUA94, RVR 550, 650, and 800 meters, wind 250 degrees 6 knots, RWY 29 cleared to land. | |
| − | AUA94, RVR 550, 650, and 800 | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| Line 87: | Line 77: | ||
R16/'''P'''1500N | R16/'''P'''1500N | ||
| − | RVR | + | RVR 1500 meters or more, RWY 16 Cleared for takeoff |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The words "or more" are induced by the preceeding "P" which indicates an RVR value '''ABOVE''' 1500m. (It is not possible to measure an RVR greater than 1500m) | |
| − | The | ||
'''VATSIM vs. Real Life''' | '''VATSIM vs. Real Life''' | ||
| − | |||
As the VATSIM METAR only provides one RVR Value (Touchdown Zone RVR) you may choose to add the remaining two values at your discretion. | As the VATSIM METAR only provides one RVR Value (Touchdown Zone RVR) you may choose to add the remaining two values at your discretion. | ||
| − | + | "AUA26, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR 550, 500 and 650 Meters RWY 16 Cleared to land. </pre> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
It should be noted that only dictating value is indicated in the METAR string - It defines the Touchdown Zone RVR, and thus should be used as a reference when applying the above mentioned procedure. | It should be noted that only dictating value is indicated in the METAR string - It defines the Touchdown Zone RVR, and thus should be used as a reference when applying the above mentioned procedure. | ||
| − | |||
The same applies to Takeoff Clearances: | The same applies to Takeoff Clearances: | ||
| − | + | "AUA25, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR 550, 500 and 650 Meters, RWY 29 cleared for takeoff" | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Or: | Or: | ||
| + | "AUA25, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR above 1500 meters, RWY 29 cleared for takeoff" | ||
| − | + | No distinction is being made upon clearing an aircraft for an ILS approach in regard to the LVP-stage. | |
| + | == LVP Criteria For Airports == | ||
| + | === LOWW === | ||
| + | Available CAT III runways: 16 & 29. | ||
| + | ==== NO LVP or CAT I ==== | ||
| + | RVR 600m or more '''AND''' ceiling 200 feet or above. | ||
| + | ==== LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2) ==== | ||
| + | RVR less than 600m '''OR''' celing less than 200 feet. | ||
| − | ''' | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3) ==== |
| + | LVP CAT II conditions prevail '''AND''' RVR less than 350m. | ||
| − | == | + | === LOWL === |
| + | Available CAT III runway: 26. | ||
| − | ''' | + | ==== NO LVP or CAT I ==== |
| − | + | RVR 600m or more '''AND''' ceiling 200 feet or above. | |
| − | LVP | + | ==== LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2) ==== |
| + | RVR less than 600m '''OR''' celing less than 200 feet. | ||
| − | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3) ==== | |
| + | LVP CAT II conditions prevail '''AND''' RVR less than 350m. | ||
| − | + | === LOWK === | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Available CAT II runway 28R | |
| − | + | CAT III requires authorization from authority (MA-climb 4,7%) | |
| − | ''' | + | ==== NO LVP or CAT I ==== |
| + | RVR 800m or more '''AND''' ceiling 300 feet or above. | ||
| − | + | ==== LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2) ==== | |
| − | + | RVR less than 800m '''OR''' celing less than 300 feet. | |
| − | LVP | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3) ==== |
| + | On pilot's request. | ||
| − | + | === LOWI === | |
| + | Available CAT II or CAT III runways: none. | ||
| − | + | No explicit procedures for arriving traffic are published. Use best judgement and consider minima-values published on approach plates. | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Also check further information in the [[LOWI_Primer]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | === LOWG === | |
| + | Available CAT III runways: 35C. | ||
| − | + | ==== NO LVP or CAT I ==== | |
| + | RVR 600m or more '''AND''' ceiling 200 feet or above. | ||
| − | ''' | + | ==== LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2) ==== |
| − | + | RVR less than 600m '''OR''' celing less than 200 feet. | |
| − | LVP | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3) ==== |
| + | LVP CAT II conditions prevail '''AND''' RVR less than 350m. | ||
| − | + | === LOWS === | |
| + | Available CAT II runway: 16. | ||
| − | + | CAT-3 requires ATC-authorization (see special chart) | |
| − | |||
| − | CAT | + | ==== NO LVP or CAT I ==== |
| + | RVR 600m or more '''AND''' ceiling 200 feet or above. | ||
| − | LVP | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 2) ==== |
| + | RVR less than 600m '''OR''' celing less than 200 feet. | ||
| − | + | ==== LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3) ==== | |
| + | On pilot's request. | ||
[[Category:Documents]][[Category:Study Guides]][[Category:Procedures]][[Category:Training]][[Category:Controller]] | [[Category:Documents]][[Category:Study Guides]][[Category:Procedures]][[Category:Training]][[Category:Controller]] | ||
Revision as of 15:54, 16 February 2021
Definition
Low visibility procedures exist to support Low Visibility Operations at Aerodromes when either surface visibility is sufficiently low to prejudice safe ground movement without additional procedural controls or the prevailing cloud base is sufficiently low to preclude pilots obtaining the required visual reference to continue to landing at the equivalent of an ILS Cat 1 DH/DA. [[1]]
Terminology: RVR/CAT
RVR = Runway Visual Range (Landebahnsicht)
RVR is being measured at three points along the runway: "Touchdown Zone", "Mid Point" and "Stop End".
| ILS-Category | Minimum RVR | Decision Height (DH) |
| Cat I | 550 meters or visibility 800 meters | 200ft |
| Cat II | 300 meters | 100ft |
| Cat IIIa | 200 meters | 100 - 0ft |
| Cat IIIb | 75 - 50 meters | 50 - 0ft |
| Cat IIIc | keine RVR Begrenzung | nil |
As of November 2020, in real life only RVR is considered in the decision making process whether LVP is being activated or not. This does not apply to VATSIM operations due to various factors, including but not limited to the depiction of visibility in various simulator-weather-addons. [[2]]
Decision Making Process (LOWW)
In order to determine whether ot not LVP has to be used, two factors have to be considered: Ceiling (lowest OVC or BKN cloud layer or vertical visibility) and RVR.
For exact criteria refer to LVP Criteria For Airports
Procedures
ATIS
Pilots need to be informed about the activity of LVP. To do this, add „&lvp“ at the end of the Uniatis-String. This will result in the following text to be recieved by the pilots:
LOW VISIBILITY PROCEDURES IN OPERATION
Landing Clearance
During LVP Landing Clearances should be given:
- Arriving A/C 2 NM Final
- In exceptional circumstances at 1 NM Final
Note: They "should" be given - this is not a requirement per se, but rather considered as guidance for the ATCO.
Sequencing On Final
Lower visibilities require enlarged separation minima on final depending on the actual conditions:
- CAT II radar separation on final: 4nm
- CAT III radar separation on final: 6nm
Considerations For Takeoff
- During LVP Stage 2 or 3, departing TFC should be cleared for takeoff before the next inbound for the same runway is closer that 6nm from threshold.
Phraseology
As soon as the METAR indicates an RVR value e.g: R16/P1500N you are required to transmit this value
In real life the controller will be provided with 3 RVR values: Touchdown Zone, Mid-Point, Stop-end.
Takeoff Clearance
AUA94, RVR 550, 650, and 800 meters, wind 250 degrees 6 knots, RWY 29 cleared to land.
RVR Above maximum measurable value (1500m)
R16/P1500N
RVR 1500 meters or more, RWY 16 Cleared for takeoff
The words "or more" are induced by the preceeding "P" which indicates an RVR value ABOVE 1500m. (It is not possible to measure an RVR greater than 1500m)
VATSIM vs. Real Life
As the VATSIM METAR only provides one RVR Value (Touchdown Zone RVR) you may choose to add the remaining two values at your discretion.
"AUA26, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR 550, 500 and 650 Meters RWY 16 Cleared to land.
It should be noted that only dictating value is indicated in the METAR string - It defines the Touchdown Zone RVR, and thus should be used as a reference when applying the above mentioned procedure.
The same applies to Takeoff Clearances:
"AUA25, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR 550, 500 and 650 Meters, RWY 29 cleared for takeoff"
Or:
"AUA25, 250 deg 6 kts, RVR above 1500 meters, RWY 29 cleared for takeoff"
No distinction is being made upon clearing an aircraft for an ILS approach in regard to the LVP-stage.
LVP Criteria For Airports
LOWW
Available CAT III runways: 16 & 29.
NO LVP or CAT I
RVR 600m or more AND ceiling 200 feet or above.
LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2)
RVR less than 600m OR celing less than 200 feet.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3)
LVP CAT II conditions prevail AND RVR less than 350m.
LOWL
Available CAT III runway: 26.
NO LVP or CAT I
RVR 600m or more AND ceiling 200 feet or above.
LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2)
RVR less than 600m OR celing less than 200 feet.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3)
LVP CAT II conditions prevail AND RVR less than 350m.
LOWK
Available CAT II runway 28R
CAT III requires authorization from authority (MA-climb 4,7%)
NO LVP or CAT I
RVR 800m or more AND ceiling 300 feet or above.
LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2)
RVR less than 800m OR celing less than 300 feet.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3)
On pilot's request.
LOWI
Available CAT II or CAT III runways: none.
No explicit procedures for arriving traffic are published. Use best judgement and consider minima-values published on approach plates.
Also check further information in the LOWI_Primer.
LOWG
Available CAT III runways: 35C.
NO LVP or CAT I
RVR 600m or more AND ceiling 200 feet or above.
LVP CAT II (LVP Stage 2)
RVR less than 600m OR celing less than 200 feet.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3)
LVP CAT II conditions prevail AND RVR less than 350m.
LOWS
Available CAT II runway: 16.
CAT-3 requires ATC-authorization (see special chart)
NO LVP or CAT I
RVR 600m or more AND ceiling 200 feet or above.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 2)
RVR less than 600m OR celing less than 200 feet.
LVP CAT III (LVP Stage 3)
On pilot's request.